Category: Culture

Authority in the Church

by Mike Avery, posted in All Articles, Christian Living, Church, Culture, Ministry, Theology

– May 2012

Authority in the Church

            The issue of authority in the Church has come down to us through the centuries on a sea of blood and fire. The pages of church history tell the story.  You can read of men slain by the sword or burned at the stake for questioning or acting contrary to the authority of the church. At the heart of the Protestant Reformation was the issue of church authority.  The reformers declared that Christ alone was the head of the Church and the Bible was the ultimate authority.  Many of our ancestors left their native lands to escape the heavy hand of a state church whose authority exploited rather than liberated the souls of men.  Even today, there is still a vigorous discussion by churchmen, scholars, politicians and laymen as to the church’s authority on everything from birth control to baptism.

This discussion over authority in the Church may sound somewhat benign and empty to most of the people who will read this article.  Their religious world does not include popes, archbishops, bishops or councils!  Churches within the holiness tradition function as self-governing communities or are affiliated with denominations that have a very limited form of top-down government.  Neither approach, however, has allowed the holiness church to escape the discussion or the problem of authority.  The Call to the Conservative Holiness Movement Article VI states that the CHM has been marked by “the spirit of autonomy and even anarchy. . . . Too often . . . we have exhibited rebellion against the authority structures which God Himself has established, boasting our independence of them, and refusing to submit to their godly discipline. This has been evidenced by continuing divisions among us, often over matters unconnected with allegiance to Scriptural truth.”

This is a part of the Call with which I am not completely comfortable.  The movement obviously faces issues with authority, but I think the Call paints the CHM with too broad of a brush.  I do not question the fact that there are those within the movement who have exhibited a spirit of autonomy and rebellion.  There are those whose self-serving ways and arrogant love for their own opinion has indeed spawned unnecessary division and bred much confusion.   I have watched with sadness as people have violated their word, ignored standards of ethical behavior, and broken membership vows while barely masking their obstinacy.  We have all met an Absalom, an Adonijah or a Diotrephes who would not heed any counsel but their own or follow any path but one of their own making.  But honestly, this has been the exception rather than the rule. On the contrary, most of the conservatives I know are more than willing to be led and are actually looking for leadership.  They are quite willing to take very unpopular stands and live out countercultural lifestyles in obedience to their church and conscience.  I see very little evidence that would indict them as rebels against Biblical authority or Biblically ordained authorities.  This of course is my perception, but I believe it to be a fair one.

Rather than seeing them as rebels, I see something that may be construed as rebellion.  I see confused, frustrated, and at times angry souls who are weary with leaders more willing to bow to church politics and fear than to lead with Biblical conviction and common sense. This weakness in leadership can and does produce reluctant and sometimes resistant followers, but none that should be called rebels.  I see church attendees, both young and old, who lack a proper understanding of Biblical authority.   I also see something else.  I see a generational difference in how authority is viewed and understood.   A failure to understand this generational difference may lead to labeling sincere, sanctified  people  as “rebels” who are only following their conscience and understanding as best as they can.

 A Biblical Understanding of Authority in the Church

            The concept of authority has fallen on bad times over the last few decades.  In some places if you just say the word people react negatively.  This should not surprise anyone since we have had a sad parade of politicians, policemen, professors, pastors and priests who have abused their authority and betrayed those who served under them. This abuse of authority has bred a culture of cynicism and suspicion.  It has created an environment where good authority, God’s authority, is regularly questioned.  The cure is not to abandon the important role of authority in our culture but to carefully proclaim what God says in His Word about authority.  My comments in this article are limited to authority in the church.

The classic passage quoted in the Call and in most other discussions on church authority is Hebrews 13:17a – “Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls, as they that must give account. . . .”   This is a powerful principle that serious Christians seek to follow. It is also one that has been so terribly abused that it needs clarification.  First, no preacher, teacher or leader by virtue of their calling has been granted an inherent right to rule over other people.  When I was ordained, I was given the authority “to preach the Word and administer the sacraments.”  The only authority that any pastor, teacher or church leader has is the delegated authority that comes through the Word of God and relates to the “spiritual guidance and soul safety” of those under his responsibility.  (Read Wesley’s Sermon On Obedience to Pastors.)

Secondly, the application of Hebrews 13:17 applies only to those leaders who are faithful.  All through Scripture we are warned to beware of false teachers and false shepherds. How do you judge the false from the true? You judge them by their fidelity to the Word of God, both in what they say and how they live.  Those who teach the Word faithfully and live it faithfully deserve our respect and obedience.  The pastor or leader who claims authority based on his position, or seeks to make his opinion equivalent to scripture, or tries to use religion and false guilt to make one conform to his will is completely out of line with his Biblical authority.

Thirdly, the NT does not describe the kind of church organizations we have today.  This does not mean it opposes today’s denominational structures, it just means that it primarily sees the visible church as a local community of believers led by a body of elders and deacons.  However, it does speak quite forcefully to the issues of order, authority, submission, discipline and accountability.   A person who has willingly joined a church or denomination and has given their pledge to obey the rules of membership ought to do so. They should honor and obey those in leadership and submit to the accountability and discipline of the church as outlined in the Scripture and the covenant of membership.  If they fail to do so or at some point decide not to do so, they should willingly and quietly withdraw from membership.

Church Authority and Generational Differences

The Greatest and Silent Generations  

            Christians born in the first half of the 20th century are referred to as the Greatest (1902-1924) and Silent (1925-1945) generations.  They were born into what is called the “modern era.” Their way of thinking and subsequently their worldview primarily reflects “modernity.”  They have an innate trust for the institutions of government, education and religion.  They highly value rules for morality, decency and conformity.  Issues of right and wrong fall easily and distinctly into black and white categories. They understand the way the traditional church works, see membership as important and think nothing of just doing whatever the church or church manual says.  They do not need exhaustive exegesis or detailed explanations for demands placed upon them. This is not to say that they do not think, it is only to say that these generations accept the rules without the need for “proof” or “explanation” because they believe in and trust the church and its leadership!  Even in areas they personally do not understand or do not fully agree, they are willing to go along and do what the church or pastor says because they trust the authority structures and believe it is important to obey and conform to what they are told.

As this way of thinking worked its way out in the more conservative churches, there developed a subtle emphasis on conforming to “group cultural rules of conduct.”  Conformity became more of a priority than the development of vital piety based on scriptural reflection.  Living the rules with no grasp of the principle behind them became far too common.  This resulted in at least two things worthy of observation: (1) Externals became the focus or “proof” of real heart change; (2) It became far too easy to “look right” and thus “be right” without any internalization of character or sound Biblical understanding of why they did what they did. I hope this will not be misunderstood as an indictment of insincerity or an accusation of hypocrisy – it is not!  It is an attempt to explain how this generation tended to think and act.  I do not question their earnest desire to please God!

This is the generation that pulled out of the Mainline Holiness Denominations and formed what is now called the Conservative Holiness Movement.  This is the generation that embraced without question and lived without fear what their leaders and churches had taught them.  When the Mother Church started changing values that had been held for decades, this generation voted with their feet and left the church.  I believe their actions were rooted in two things: their convictions and their culture.  Neither root is necessarily connected to rebellion.  Were there rebels who opposed the authority of the church and who were involved in the “come out”?  Of course!  But the vast majority of come outers were men and women of godly character who were simply standing by the things they had been taught.

The Boomer, Buster and Millennial Generations

By the late 1960s and early ‘70s America had fully made a dramatic shift from the “modern era” to the “post-modern” era.    The second generation of conservative holiness people (Boomers) was influenced by both modern and post-modern thought.  You can see the influence of both in the way they think and act.  The third and fourth generations of conservatives were primarily influenced by post-modernism.  Post-modern Christians think quite differently from those in the modern generation.  The post-modern generation does not have a natural trust of the institutions of government, education and church.  On the contrary, they have a deep suspicion of these institutions and the power they wield.  They reject “blind acceptance” of anything to the point of being cynical.  They grew up in the “advertising age” and learned quickly you could not believe what you read on the cereal box or heard from the media.  They look at all unsupported assertions with suspicion — especially those given in church.  They do not simply swallow what is taught or preached. They ask questions and want answers. Just because the preacher says it is wrong doesn’t make it wrong for them.  They want a clear, intellectually defensible, Biblical answer.  If answers are not forthcoming, they reject the assertions.  A large number of the early post-moderns were lost to the church because some leaders tragically confused “questions about Biblical truth” with “questioning the truth of the Bible” and classified them as compromisers or rebels.

The post-modern Christian rejects the carefully “air-brushed, compartmentalized, and rote cookie-cutter religious expressions of the previous generations.”   They prefer religious spontaneity and authenticity over mere appearances.  This has caused a post-modern generation to be slow in accepting all the traditional life-style values and standards of the conservative holiness movement.  It’s not that they reject Biblical values, but rather they reject “cookie-cutter” conformity for the sake of just “looking the part” or fitting in to the culture.  They want to know the reason and see the value of the thing they are being asked to do.  I don’t believe they have rejected the traditional values because those values lack veracity but because they have been given without explanation and applied without flexible common sense.  Parents whose post-modern kids grew up in complete conformity to these values while at home are shocked when those same kids jettison those standards after leaving home.  It some cases the rejection flows from a rebellious worldly heart, but in many cases it does not.  It flows from a heart that is seeking spiritual authenticity and from a mind that wants intellectual “buy in.”

Addressing the Problem

            Rebellion is a strong word and should be used wisely.  True rebellion against proper authority reveals a deeper rejection of God’s authority and should be treated as such. That’s why the Bible compares it to the sin of witchcraft and idolatry.  Only the Holy Spirit can root out rebellion and replace it with submission by a radical change of one’s heart.  However, if we are dealing with generational ways of thinking, then we need to understand and respond accordingly.  Christians of all generations desire authenticity.  Authenticity begins with honesty.  We must be honest with who we are, honest about our biases and prejudices, and honest in our interpretation and application of scripture.  Authenticity continues with a willingness to differentiate between what is scripture and what is tradition, what is principle and what is preference – clarifying the role of both.  However, authenticity also means that we refuse to conform to any cultural thought that is wrong but that we confront “unbiblical thinking” in every generation with the Word of God.

Romans 12:1-2 offers some remarkable insight:  “I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that you present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God, which is your reasonable service.  And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God.”   We can only replace bad thinking with biblical thinking by the faithful application of the Word of God.  The Holy Spirit can enlighten the mind with Biblical truth and change any way of thinking that does not align itself with God’s point of view. The Holy Spirit can also discern between resistance to generational thinking and acting and rebellion to Biblically ordained authority.  If real rebellion is present, then repentance and the relinquishment of self to God in holy surrender is the only cure for the rebel within.   We must have both, the radical change of hearts and the renewing of the mind, if we are to effectively deal with the problem of authority in this generation and in the ones to come.

The Real War

by Mike Avery, posted in All Articles, Christian Living, Culture

–April of 2004

The Real War

A new front has opened up in the ongoing cultural war in America.  For the last 100 years, there has been a deliberate and dedicated battle to totally secularize our nation.  It began with an assault on the Bible and our traditional Judeo Christian values.  These had to be removed as the determining basis for truth, morality, justice, and society’s standards of behavior and decency.  Soon afterwards, God and prayer were evicted from the classroom.  Then under the guise of freedom of speech, pornography, vulgarity, and violence were given complete freedom to corrupt our youth and undermine our values through every possible means.  One of the deadliest blows struck in this war was when the highest court in the land permitted 44 million innocent souls to be sent to graves in the sewers and incinerators of America by the bloody hands of legalized abortion.

Homosexuals won the next skirmish, and have been awarded special rights by the courts and given the freedom to not only practice, but also promote their perversion.  These very ones that God has called abominable and reprobate, an apostate church has blessed, ordained, and elevated to the office of Bishop.  And right now, as I write, the most fundamental building block of civilization, the home, is gasping for breath as the unelected liberal judges of our nation try to bury it alive under the rubbish of same sex marriage.

Americans are confronted daily by the perversity of deviant human behavior in every form imaginable.  Too many of us simply react angrily, lament for a moment, and then return to the discussion of how the economy is doing.  It is not yet clear what the end of these issues will be.  But what is clear is that America is in a downward spiral toward hell (Psalm 9:17).

What should we be doing about this?  The first thing we need to do is start focusing on where the real battle lies and what the real struggle is.  The issues, mentioned above, are only skirmishes.  The real war is a cosmic struggle between good and evil.  Ephesians 6:12 makes it very plain that, “we wrestle not against flesh and blood but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places.”  It is critical that we understand the real dimensions of this war so that we may fight it effectively.

This is no societal tug of war that we can settle in an afternoon contest.  This will not be solved by calling together a focus group to try to understand one another.  This is not a liberal versus conservative issue.  It cannot simply be voted in or out.  As Americans we ought to be doing everything in our power to stop and reverse this deadly assault on our countries moral values.  As Christians, we must see the deeper issue.  We must go to our knees in true humility, praying, “Lord, deliver us from evil.”

We are in a life and death struggle between the forces of good and the forces of evil.  The soul of America and the souls of her citizens are at stake.  Whether America can turn back the onslaught and survive remains to be seen.  However, as Christians who are a part of God’s advancing kingdom, we have the promise that, “the gates of hell cannot prevail against her.”  So buckle on your armor and get into the fight.  For in the real war, victory is inevitable!

A Theology of Idolatry

by Mike Avery, posted in All Articles, Christian Living, Culture, Theology

–March of 2004

A Theology of Idolatry

Man’s problem with idolatry is well documented.  Since the moment that our first parents turned their eyes from the Creator to one tiny aspect of His creation, man has had a propensity toward idolatry.   After the most miraculous delivery of any captive nation in the history of the world, the Hebrews bowed in the desert sand before a golden calf, crying, “These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.”  Despite plague and punishment, Israel pursued her idolatrous ways until she had as many gods as she did cities.  Every civilization and culture has had its evil tryst with idols.  Mankind seems bent on turning away from the true and living God to a god of his own making.

Most 21st century Christians think that behavior like idolatry is far too unsophisticated or disgusting to be found among us today.  They think of it only in terms of bowing down before a lifeless god of stone.  Unfortunately, this leaves them easy prey for the more subtle forms of idolatry.   Let me describe two of these forms.

Paul tells us in the New Testament that all covetousness is idolatry.  Anything we are willing to value more highly than we value God or His approval is an idol.   Today’s idol worshiper doesn’t bow down before the sun god, but  lives a life that is marked by a passionate pursuit of things that have little or no eternal significance.  They value the passing over the permanent.  They live for the immediate.    They crave the temporary thrill of buying a new home, updating their technology, or engaging in a new experience.   Sports and entertainment are high on their list of priorities.   The satisfaction of the flesh is a serious quest.  The security of their future is a must.  Though God gets their Church time and tithe, they live as if this world were the only one.  Their idol is the trivial and they bow low before the altar of the insignificant.  This form of idolatry values the temporal more that the eternal.

Another subtle form of idolatry is trusting for salvation in that which cannot save us.  Israel illustrates this for us.   God gave Israel the law to further His redemptive work among them as well as to protect and maintain their integrity as a people.  But a danger arose when Israel found it easier to focus on the law (making sure not to do what offended God) rather than on the God who gave the law.   Israel soon found more comfort in keeping and guarding the law rather than worshiping the Law Giver.   Religious sects began to spring up for the sole purpose of explaining and defending the law.  The end result was that Israel trusted in the law for salvation rather than in the God who gave it. This subversion of the Divine intent perverted the good that was to come from the law and brought about a subtle form of idolatry that left Israel worshiping the thing made rather than the Maker.

There are Christians today who find it easier to trust in the forms of godliness than in the God who gives power and meaning to the form.  They find it easier to identify with a group, conform to a code, and embrace a creed, than to cultivate a relationship with the God who is at the heart of it all.  Instead of living in the fear of the Lord they rest in the acceptance of man and man’s tradition.  They have chosen the false assurance of religious conformity and missed the real assurance of “Christ in you the hope of glory.”

The trap of spiritual idolatry is subtle but avoidable.  Take proactive measures to avoid it.  Worship in a church that values and speaks God’s Word.  Find friends that challenge you to know God intimately. And never forget that eternal life is in knowing the “true God, and Jesus Christ, whom he has sent.”   Don’t settle for anything less.

Wal-Mart Theology

by Mike Avery, posted in All Articles, Church, Culture, Theology

–May of 2003

Wal-Mart Theology

I think it’s fair to say that the church has at times affected the prevailing political and economic philosophies of the day in a very positive way.  I also think it’s fair to say that the prevailing political and economic philosophies have at times adversely affected the church.  One such example is what I call the churches adoption of a “Wal-Mart theology”.

The late Sam Walton, founder of Wal-Mart, changed the economic philosophy of the market place with his “Wal-Mart approach” to merchandising.  He built a multi-billion dollar business around three basic premises.  1. Give the customer what they want. 2. Give it to them cheaper than anybody else.  3. Build loyalty with feigned friendliness and surface relationships.

It is an approach that has clearly affected the church. The church now offers a menu of activities, worship styles, and preaching that has something for everyone.  Unsaved, carnal churchgoers can get their weekly fix of “spiritual life” without ever being made uncomfortable.  The talk show style preacher has ousted the thundering prophet.  His suave humor and well-honed ability to “almost say something” has made churchgoers all across America feel good about being in church.  Give them what they want is verse one of the new creed!

Pollsters are scratching their head over the fact that people are going back to church in record numbers, yet the morality of our country is still on the decline.  This is a direct result of churches that have discounted the price of what it means to be a Christian.  Instead of stressing a repentance from sin and a call to radical holiness, they offer a crown without a cross, faith without faithfulness, and a spiritual life that doesn’t have to be a separated life.  It’s no longer the narrow way but the cheapest way that is a part of today’s church.

How has the Church been affected by the third premise?  We’ve adopted the Wal-Mart greeter’s philosophy.  We smile, shake hands, and move on.  Churches are filled with people who have nothing but superficial relationships with their fellow attendees (if they know them at all). The whole concept of community and accountability that’s supposed to be a part of the church isn’t there.  The words of Jesus in Matthew 25 that, “I was a stranger and you took me in”, point out the fact that the Church must reach out in true love and friendship pulling others in to the inner circle of their own lives.  The Christian must build bridges to other human beings and offer themselves to a needy, hurting world.  You can’t do that with out being willing to get intimately involved in someone else’s life.

Isaac Watts had never heard of Wal-Mart Theology when he penned these words, “Am I a soldier of the Cross, a follower of the Lamb, and shall I fear to own His cause or blush to speak His name?   Must I be carried to the skies on flowery beds of ease, while others fought to win the prize, and sailed through bloody seas?  Sure I must fight if I would reign, increase my courage, Lord.  I’ll bear the toil endure the pain, supported by Thy Word.”   No disrespect, Mr. Sam, but Isaac’s got it right!

Selling the Gospel Short

by Mike Avery, posted in All Articles, Church, Culture, Theology

–Summer of 2002

Selling the Gospel Short

Twenty years ago Francis Schaefer wrote about the Great Evangelical Disaster.  Recently Dr. Dennis Kinlaw addressed what could be called the Great Evangelical Reductionism.  The first sold the gospel out; the latter sells it short.  Both can bring about the same pitiful end.

At the turn of the 20th Century, the church was caught in the cross hairs of liberal theology.  Most of the large Protestant denominations were knocked down like a row of tenpins as liberal theology swept in like a flood.  The National Council of Churches reigned as the ecclesiastical power and liberal theologians held prominent positions as professors in the great seminaries.  The Bible was betrayed and the heart of the gospel was completely destroyed.  Within 30 years the sell-out was complete.  The gospel that was preached in most large protestant denominations was no gospel at all.

By mid century a despised marginal group of Bible believers known as evangelicals began to make their way to the forefront in America.  By the 1980’s the focus of power had clearly shifted from the mainstream denominations and liberal theologians to the more conservative evangelicals.  Today evangelicals have their own national association, speak on hundreds of radio and television programs, and control the theological positions of a large number of seminaries and Christian universities.  Evangelicals operate book enterprises that gross billions every year.  The president attends their annual prayer breakfast and prominent evangelical leaders weekend at the White House and council the president on religious matters.

Yet as the evangelical movement has grown in numbers and influence, the moral influence of the church has gotten weaken.  How could this be?  How could a church that has become more conservative theologically become less effected by that theology?

Dr. Dennis Kinlaw, in his book We Live as Christ, puts his finger on the problem.  He states, “I believe that part of the reason for the state of affairs is the way in which the evangelical church is presenting the gospel here in America.  We have engaged in a kind of reductionism of what we say Christ can do for us.  We have largely preached the gospel of Christ as a way to find freedom from the consequences of our sin rather than freedom from the sin that causes the consequences.”

The evangelical church in America has given the impression that the essence of the Christian message is forgiveness of sins and the assurance of Heaven.  They have failed to emphasis that the goal of the gospel is conformity to Christ.  This has produced an insidious easy believism that makes no moral demands and insists on no behavioral requirements.  It has separated faith from faithfulness and offered a brand of commitment with no cross.  Sadly the holiness movement has begun to parrot the same line.

Dr. John Oswalt speaks to this issue in his book Called to be Holy.  He says, “The Christian gospel is not primarily about having one’s sins forgiven and spending a blissful eternity with God after somehow getting through this life with one’s faith reasonably intact.  The purpose of the gospel is the same that God has had from Genesis 4 onward:  The transformation of human behavior in this world with a consequent possibility of living with God through all eternity.”

The New Testament gospel is inseparably linked to repentance, surrender, a supernatural eagerness to obey, and an inner hunger for moral goodness.  Anything less is not true biblical conversion and denies the message of the gospel.  But the gospel offers more.  The gospel offers freedom from the tyranny of sin and self.

The gospel does offer freedom from sin’s penalty and a home in heaven.  But it also offers freedom from sin’s tyranny and a life of holiness.  This is good news, indeed!